The Reader Essay Example For Students

The Reader Essay Memory is a powerful concept. Often when an individual undergoes a traumatic situation, the ramifications of these actions seep into an individualfs psyche unknowingly. In effect this passes through memory and becomes sub-consciously buried within a personfs behavioural patterns generally. The Reader by Bernhard Schlink explores the concept of a young mans subconscious desire for a woman whom he gcanft remember to forgeth (1Memento) as she is so deeply inlaid within his soul. Critically acclaimed as gA formally beautiful, disturbing, and finally morally devastating novel. From the first pagec it ensnares both heart and mindh ( Los Angeles Times), the novel tells the story of a young boy, 15, Michael Berg, through his own interior narration. He finds himself emotionally and sexually attached to a woman of over twice his age, Hanna Schmitz. She then breaks his heart by deserting him. Michael is emotionally torn by this incident and consequently develops a subconscious obsession with her. We will write a custom essay on The Reader specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Years after the mysterious disappearance of Hanna, Michael marries a woman named Gertrude. gGertrude was smart, efficient, and loyalh (3p 171) yet she never fulfilled Michael in the same way as Hanna had previously. Unknowingly he drove her away through his constant comparisons and dissatisfaction that Gertrude could not be the woman he wanted. gI could never stop comparing the way it was with Gertrude and the way it had been with Hanna; again and again, Gertrude and I would hold each other, and I would feel that something was wrong, that she was wrong, that she moved wrong and felt wrong, smelled wrong and tasted wrong.h (p 171) In his relationship with Gertrude, Michael cannot remember to forget Hanna as, at the time, he doesnft realise but subconsciously he is comparing the two and sabotaging his relationship. In the unconscious state, dreams are the purest form of truth into a personfs subconscious. In Michaelfs dreams he physically yearns for Hannafs presence. gIt took a while before my body stopped yearning for hers; sometimes I myself was aware of my arms and legs groping for her in my sleep, and my brother reported more than once at table that I called out eHannaf in the nighth (p 85). The helpless nature of Michaels actions show how much Hanna has affected his subconscious and although he is made aware of his actions, his physical dependence comes from the deep scaring within him. On another occasion, after Hannafs death, it is documented that Michael once again subconsciously desires her presence. Michael dreams of Hanna while travelling through the countryside to bid Hannafs final wishes. gI dreamed of Hanna and myself in a house in the autumn-blazed hills that were lining our route. Hanna was older than when I had met her and younger than when I had met her again, older than me, m ore attractive than in earlier years, more relaxed in her movements with age, more at home in her own body. I saw her getting out of the car and picking up shopping bags, saw her going through the garden into the house, saw her set down the bags and go upstairs ahead of me. My longing for Hanna became so strong that it hurt. I struggled against the longing, argued that it went against Hannafs and my reality, the reality of our ages, the reality of our circumstancesh. The interior narration here allows the focus to hold a contemplative and introspective view of Michaels thought patterns. He remembers his dreams and notes them as being irrational and beyond all reason of reality, yet he finds himself yearning for her still. Hanna has had such an impact on Michaels emotional memory that, as much as Michael tries to occupy his mind in order to forget her, he just cant. Hanna is imbedded into his psyche and therefore rendering him completely powerless to her influential force that emerges within him, subconsciously. .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b , .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .postImageUrl , .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b , .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:hover , .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:visited , .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:active { border:0!important; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:active , .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a6f2609f865faf7628ac51502c5e86b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physics Persuasive EssayAnother issue developed within the novel is the idea of the affect of the war with the German society. The people of Germany cannot manage to forget the horrific actions that occurred during WWII, as with Michaels link to Hanna, because the events were so tragic that they are imprinted on the subconscious minds of every member of society. They try to forget the past yet their intentions are thwarted by the power of their memories and the affect they have had on them mentally and sometimes physically. An example of this in the novel is Hannafs festering guilt about her cruel and unethical acts towards the Jewish women and children that were in her ca re. The climax of the novel sees Hannafs desperation to rid herself from these memories as she commits suicide. Before her death, Hanna speaks to Michael about the lingering spirits of the dead that haunt her soul, gThey came every night, whether I wanted them or noth (p 197). Hanna accepts her sins and seeks forgiveness from the spirits of those whom she acted so unjustly towards yet they do not grant her, her wish and do not leave her alone. They come every night, just as the memories subconsciously reside within her mind, never to leave. Hanna cannot remember to forget the horrific memories of her experiences during the 1940fs because they have become a part of her subconscious.

Women Essays

Women Essays Women Essay Women Essay Women have been victims of misconceptions and criticisms; and so have men. Both genders have struggled to erase these misconceptions not just from the spoken word of other people or the other gender, but also those that have been written about their being ‘women’ or being ‘men.’ Two of these articles were Women’s Brains by Stephen Jay Gould and The Male Myth by Paul Theroux, which discussed the misconceptions about and discrimination in women and in men, respectively. Gould started his essay by mentioning the difficult plight of women in the words of a famous woman writer, George Eliot. He went on discussing how early studies depicted women as inferior to men all because their brains were smaller than men’s. He enumerated several scientific researches and findings, with particular figures, as to why women â€Å"could not equal men’s intelligence,† are passive, have brains that â€Å"are closer in size to those of gorillas than to the most developed male brains,† and will begin a social revolution if they leave the confines of the home. However, Gould inserted positive insights into the negativities claimed by some researchers by mentioning few of the reasons why women received bad commentaries and sarcasm and why they are inferior, physically speaking. Moreover, Gould being a scientist himself, particularly paleontologist (Linder, 2004),  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   examined the scientific claims on women’s brains and wrote his interpretation and stressed the ill-founded contentions of researchers he mentioned. He looked at the angles that were consciously and unconsciously overlooked by them. He concluded the article by affirming the discriminative plight of women and proved that not all scientific claims are truth and therefore should not invoke inferiority to certain groups. He completed the cycle of analysis by ending with George Eliot’s words honoring women. On the other hand, Theroux also started his article by mentioning a statement from Dr. Norman Cameron, which has obviously affected him: â€Å"Fetishists are nearly always men; and their commonest fetish is a woman’s shoe.† He went on with personal thoughts on how he disliked being a man. He mentioned some views as to how boys should behave and act to be men, as well as the misconceptions against their manliness. His focus dwelt on his personal experiences from childhood and adulthood, how America perceives men to be manly, how the society shapes and dictates men’s persona, and his self-denial of being a writer because of the various connotations people associate â€Å"writer† with. He concluded his article by stating that men’s lives are much worse than women’s. Each author began his article with a statement that has affected him in some way. With these opening lines, readers can easily get a hint as to what is expected with the rest of the article. Both authors took their opening statements as a starting point to develop the paragraphs, their arguments. Understanding the articles means understanding the authors behind them. Gould mentioned several scientific research data and discussed and refuted their claims. He analyzed data he had with scientific reasoning. He has every right to do this since he was a paleontologist and he knew how to interpret data systematically and accurately. On the other hand, Theroux, being a highly acclaimed writer (Houghton Mifflin, 2007), based his arguments on reality – on what he sees from his environment and from what he personally feels and believes in. Being a part of the human species and the American society at large, he also has a right to discuss such opinions he had on the misconceptions about the species he belongs to. However, Gould’s arguments are more credible and sound because his are empirically and scientifically grounded unlike Theroux, whose arguments are experience- and opinion-based. But this is understandable based on the title alone, since Gould discussed about Women’s Brains while Theroux dealt with The Male Myth. One spoke of a body part and thus needs scientific explanation while the other discussed myths, thus require opinion, observation, and personal experience. But then again, perception-wise, Gould’s contentions would also appear more believable. This is because as a paleontologist, he is expected to base his arguments on scientific and empirical facts. His own gender or sexuality and contradiction to females, if any, cannot take over or else he will not be credible. Theroux, however, happens to be a male so much of his arguments would be based on his feelings. Moreover, each of the articles tackled the issue of general misconception and discrimination: Gould on women and Theroux on men. Both articles aimed at clarifying and correcting these misconceptions so that both gender will be better understood by society. However, it is a given fact that men and women cannot and will not escape these commentaries, criticisms, and myths about their gender, sexuality, and being. This is because it is a natural thing for humans in general to judge and discriminate to the point of using scientific data to prove their ends, like what researchers mentioned in Women’s Brains did, or putting one down because his profession does not earn a right to be called a profession, like how society made Theroux feel because he was a writer. There are certain statements in the articles that jive with each other inherently. For instance, Theroux said in The Male Myth, â€Å"It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women.† This belittling of women can be found in the whole of Women’s Brains, which cited male researchers claiming their superiority. On the other hand, Women’s Brains mentioned that the man â€Å"has all the responsibility and the cares of tomorrow, who is constantly active in combating the environment and human rivals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This complemented Theroux’s statement that â€Å"a man proves his manhood in America in old-fashion ways† like hunting and defending himself. Moreover, based on the two articles, the notion that women are homemakers and caregivers and should therefore focus on motherhood emerged. The notion that men are the superior beings was also demonstrated in both articles. But being a mother, a woman, is difficult; and so is being a man, and manly at that. Both genders have to contend with and oppose to what society has held and continues to hold true with regards their sex or gender. Theroux claimed it is easier to be a man. But he can only prove that if he himself has experienced being in the high-heeled shoes of a woman. Girls or women cannot likewise claim that their species live a more difficult life unless they have been into the brains and hearts of men.

Composite Columns From Roman Architecture

Composite Columns From Roman Architecture In architecture, the Composite column is a Roman-designed column style that combines characteristics of the ancient Greek-era Ionic and the Corinthian columns. Composite columns have highly decorated capitals (tops). Typical of the Corinthian capital, the floral ornamentation of the Composite capital is styled after the acanthus leaf. The leaf decoration elements of the Corinthian style combine with the scroll designs (volute) that characterize the Ionic style. The Composite is considered one of the five orders of classical architecture. Fast Facts: Composite Columns A composite is by definition a combination of elements.Composite columns can describe column design or materials.A Roman Composite column combines the designs of the Greek Ionic and Corinthian columns.The capital top of a Roman Composite column has scrolls (volutes) and leaf decorations.Since the Renaissance, Composite column designs have been used in decorative pilasters.Composite columns were originally made of stone, but today a composite can be a mixture of synthetic materials. Classical architecture, including columns, refers to what builders designed in ancient Greece and Roman. A column consists of a base, a shaft, and a capital at the top of a shaft. In ancient times, the capital and the entablature above it were paired with distinctive characteristics that make up what became known as the classical orders of architecture. Size and proportion of each column type was standardized, although today, most people identify column types solely by their capital design. Documenting the types of ancient columns was advanced by Renaissance-era architects like Palladio and Vignloa. In fact, the word composite meaning a combination or compound of different elements was not generally used until the Renaissance in the 15th century. In American English, pronounce composite with the accent on the second syllable - kum-POS-it. In British English, the first syllable is more often accented. The Arch of Titus (Arco di Tito), c. 81 B.C. Andrea Jemolo Mondadori Portfolio/Getty Images (cropped) The Arch of Titus from the 1st century may be the first instance of the Roman composite column. Triumphal arches such as this one celebrated military victories and heroic conquerors - Titus and his Roman army returned to Rome after sacking Jerusalem and destroying the Second Temple in the year 70. World history is filled with military triumphs in one community that are sorrowful defeats in another - while the arch Titus marched beneath still stands in Rome, a more somber remembrance is observed in the Jewish religion on Tisha BAv. The Roman-type of columns can be found in the architecture of any of the regions influenced by the Roman Empire. Egyptian and Perian columns are often composites of Western and Eastern traditions. Composite columns can be found throughout the Middle East, most notably in Petra in Jordan. Bab el Siq Treasury (Al Khazneh), 1st Century, Petra, Jordan. Luca Mozzati Mondadori/Getty Images (cropped) Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius died before he could document the style of what is known as the Composite column - perhaps he would have dismissed this Roman combo column. The European architects of the Renaissance, however, noticed the beauty and practicality of this Roman design and incorporated it in many of their buildings during the 16th century. The well-known architect Andrea Palladio used Composite columns in many of his designs, including in the facade of the island Church of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice, Italy. Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, 1610, Venice, Italy, Architect Andrea Palladio. Nicola De Pasquale/Getty Images (cropped) The influential Italian Renaissance architect Giacomo da Vignola incorporated Composite designs in the pilasters that adorn his work, including the 16th century Palazzo dei Banchi in Bologna, Italy. Composite designs, being a later invention within the Classical Orders, were often more decorative than structural - pilasters and engaged columns (round columns protruding like a pilaster) provide the essence of Classical design without being full columns. French Renaissance architect Pierre Lescot chose Composite pilasters in his designs for the Louvre in Paris and the 1550 Fontaine des Innocents. Lescot and sculptor Jean Goujon brought Renaissance Classicism to France. Fontaine des Innocents, 1550, Paris, France, Architect Pierre Lescot. Frà ©dà ©ric Soltan/Corbis via Getty Images (cropped) Because the combination (or composite) of the two Greek designs makes the Composite column more ornate than other columns, Composite columns are sometimes found in lavish 17th-century Baroque architecture. Pilasters were often used to ornament interiors, a decoration that provided classic, regal decoration to a room - even aboard a ship. A 19th century carved wooden Composite capital was found in the cabin of a Spanish Navy vessel captured by the U.S. Navy during the Spanish-American War. In contemporary architecture, the term composite column can be used to describe any style column molded from a man-made composite material such as fiberglass or a polymer resin, sometimes reinforced with metal. Significance of the Composite Order Its not the first type of column in Greek and Roman architecture, so what is the significance of the Composite Order? The earlier Ionic Order has an inherent design problem - how do you round the design of the rectangular volute capitals to elegantly fit on the top of a round shaft? The flowery asymmetrical Corinthian Order does the job. By combining both orders, the Composite column is visually more appealing while keeping the strength found in the Ionic Order. The significance of the Composite Order is that in its creation ancient architect-designers were modernizing architecture. Even today, architecture is an iterative process, that good ideas are brought together to form better ideas - or at least something new and different. Design is not pure in architecture. Design builds on itself by combination and elimination. It could be said that architecture itself is a composite.

Emotional intelligece Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional intelligece - Research Paper Example In order to attain high level of emotional intelligence, one is required to firstly, recognize their emotions. Managing one’s emotions help in avoiding conflicts and embarrassing other people. For example, when a person says something wrong in a meeting, you only need to correct them after the meeting, but not when the meeting is on session. Secondly, one needs to manage their emotions. This helps you communicate effectively with colleagues in a clear manner without creating any misunderstanding. Thirdly, you need to recognize other people emotions. This way, you are able to avoid any conflicts that could have occurred and it helps in maintaining personal and group peace. Lastly, one needs to effectively respond to others emotions. By doing so, you make other experience a sense of belonging in any company. Also, in order to improve emotional intelligence, one needs to be empathetic, have self-regulation, motivate others and be aware of himself or herself.   Working with lead ers of different emotional intelligence from that of his or her employees would be a challenge. However, this is achievable through acquiring skills that will improve the relationship. Such skills include understanding and observing the way they react to other people, understanding their environment, performing personal evaluation, cross examining the way they react to stressing conditions, being responsible of their actions and understanding the way their actions affect others.

Close reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Close reading - Essay Example One really comes across dramatic monologue in passionate love songs as the poem appears to be at the start. By using this dramatic monologue the protagonist seems to be trying to strike a rapport with the listeners. The other thing is that this usage of the dramatic monologue in the poem allows the poet to draw the psychologically complex characters of Prufrock. At the beginning of the poem is placed an epigraph taken from Dante’s Inferno. The poet uses this epigraph to bring in a deeper understanding of the poem through the usage of context and meaning. Dante here represents the converse of what Prufrock has come to be. Unlike Dante, Prufrock repeatedly fails to be a person who has a genuine passion and emotions. In contrast the emotional and mental state of Prufrock is very much like Guido de Montefetltro on his way to the flames. Hence, very much like Guido, Prufrock here comes out as being a very isolated and wasted individual. In the poem TS Eliot has resorted to a rhyme scheme that is irregular, without being utterly random. Though in parts the poem appears to be in free verse, actually speaking the poem happens to be a combination of many types of poetic forms. Besides, in this poem Eliot has also resorted to the use of refrains like,†In the room the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo (13-14).† This refrain is also accompanied by repeated questions asked and doubts conveyed by Prufrock. Eliot uses this poetic style in the poem to convey the disturbed mental state of a neurotic character who is Prufrock. This fragmented and discontinued poetic style allows the poet to reveal the fact that although Prufrock presents oneself as being aesthetic, actually speaking he is totally non-romantic. The state of Prufrock represents the state of emotional bonds in the modern times. Time and again in the poem Prufrock conveys his dissatisfaction with the environment amidst which he is moving. These

United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America Essay Example for Free

United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America Essay United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America Introduction Case overview                   The United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America was a case that involved the federal government of the United States of America against the Aluminum Company of America and its subsidiaries. As the plaintiff, the federal government accused the company and one of its subsidiaries of conspiring with other foreign entities to establish a monopoly in the aluminum market both in the United States and abroad. Jointly with a Canadian company namely aluminum limited, the Aluminum Company of America was accused of forming a cartel known as The Alliance. According to the terms of the agreement signed in 1931, the shares of the resulting company were issued to the signatories accompanied by a production quota for every share held. Moreover, the alliance was free to sell its products at any price that it considers fair and no party to the agreement were supposed to sell or buy aluminum from anyone who was not a member of the alliance (Hall, 37). A second agreement that was signed by the parties in 1936 abandoned the earlier system of unconditional quotas and replaced it with royalty system. Although the United States was not included in the quotas in the first agreement, the members of the alliance included it in the second agreement. Based on this, the federal government of the united states of American instituted legal proceedings against the aluminum company of America and aluminum limited of Canada. In its presentation, the federal government accused the two companies of violating the Sherman act which prohibits companies from eng aging in contracts and alliances that are aimed at restraining trade among states or overseas countries.                   The trial commenced on June 1st 1938 in the district court and it lasted for four years. After listening to the arguments made by the parties, the court dismissed the case. In his ruling, the judged stated that the actions of the company did not violate the Sherman Act nor did they restrict aluminum trade among the states and in foreign markets. According to the evidence produced before him, the judge also noted that the large market share enjoyed by the company was as a result of its ability to predict changes in the market coupled with its superior marketing and distribution strategies. After the case was dismissed by the district court, the plaintiff filed for an appeal. Initially, the appeal was supposed to be handled by the United States Supreme Court but was moved to the Court of Appeals (Hand, et al, 36). This transfer resulted from the fact the Supreme Court could not attain the required quorum of six judges to listen to the case. In delivering t heir judgment, the circuit judges stated that although the agreements made by shareholders of the alliance were made abroad, they affected aluminum imports in America. Based on this, the court of appeals overruled the earlier judgment of the district court and declared actions of the Aluminum Company of America and its associates illegal. A summary of the legal issues in the case                   There were four major legal issues that arose during the case. The first legal issue was whether the Aluminum Company of America gained monopoly over the virgin aluminum ingot unfairly. Since its early years, the company had been in the business of producing and selling ingot aluminum. The company employed traditional techniques of mining and melting aluminum until 1892 when Bradley discovered that smelting could be done without using external heat. This technique promised a big economy in the production of aluminum. So that the aluminum company of America could get permission to use this technique, it entered into an agreement with Bradley (Hand, et al, 53). According to the terms of this agreement, the company would Bradley’s technology to manufacture Aluminum and in return, sell the assignee an unspecified amount of aluminum at a discount below its market prices. Aluminum extraction is a process that consumes a lot of electricity. Based on this , the American aluminum company contracted the major power suppliers. According to the terms of the contract, these power companies were not supposed to sell power to any other company that is involved in the manufacture of aluminum. These two acts made the company the sole largest producer of aluminum in the country. The main legal issue here was to determine whether the monopoly enjoyed by the company resulting from these two agreements was legal or not.                   The second legal issue that arose in the proceedings was whether the aluminum company of America was guilty of being involved in illegal activities; it established its monopoly in the aluminum business in America. In its application, the federal government of the United States wanted the court to find the activities of defendant unlawful not only because they played a role in the establishment of its monopoly but also they were designed to suppress its competitors. This issue was divided into three broad categories. The first category was to consider the preemption of water vapor and the bauxite deposits (Hall, 36). The Aluminum Company of America and its overseas subsidiaries bought up all bauxite deposits in all the major sources including Arkansas and other overseas sources. The plaintiff argued that the company bought more bauxite than it needed showing that the purchase was not for ensuring enough supply but locking out competitors. The second categ ory was to consider the suppression of other players in the aluminum industry and fabricated goods. As noted earlier in the paper, the Aluminum Company of America contracted the major power companies to supply it with power. In the contract, the power companies were not supposed to sell power to other players in the aluminum business. Moreover, the company also bough interests in two aluminum companies in Norway. The third category of issues was the domination the aluminum market especially cables and sheets. The plaintiff argued that the Aluminum Company of America used unlawful tactics to penetrate the control the market for fabricated aluminum products. This was done in three main ways that included buying many shares in the Aluminum Manufacturers and Inc., Aluminum Castings Company, using price squeeze and through the Piston Patent Pool.                   The third legal issue in the case was whether The Aluminum Company of America together with its subsidiaries were in an illegal conspiracy, and whether or not the company was also in conspiracies with other foreign aluminum manufacturers. The Aluminum Company of America was incorporated in 1928 with the aim of coming with subsidiaries to take over the operations of the company abroad. In place of all the possessions conveyed, the company issued all its common shares top its common shareholders in the ratio of one share for every three held. This tactic was meant to ensure that the beneficial ownership of the company remained as it had been previously. The court needed to determine whether these actions were legal business strategies or were conspiracies aimed at monopolizing the aluminum market in the United States and abroad (Wang, 73).                   The final legal issue in the case was establishing the right remedy in the case of every defendant who may be found guilty of violating the Sherman Act. About five years had passed since the proceedings started and many changes had taken place in the aluminum industry in America. Based on this, it was hard for the court to dispose the case on the basis of the basis of the existing judicial record. According to the presentations made by the plaintiff, the court should dissolve the defendant. Summary of any economic analysis relevant to the case                   The first economic analysis relevant to this case is the rise of monopoly and the effects it has on a country’s economy. As noted earlier in the paper, The Aluminum Company of America implemented a number of measures that saw it rise into a dominant player in the aluminum industry. Monopolies are not illegal but they must be established through lawful and competitive ways. More specifically, monopolies should not arise from a company’s competitiveness but not from conspiracies and other illegal acts (Hall, 28). No company should enjoy the unchallenged economic power in any industry because it discourages economic growth and slows economic growth. Even if monopolies are achieved lawfully, they should be discouraged regardless of their economic results. This would be inline with the Sherman act that was mainly aimed at putting an end to aggregations of capital because it made individuals helpless. Moreover, it gave large organizations an oppo rtunity to exploit customers. The outcome of the case                   The case was heard by two different courts. Initially, the case was handled by the district court before moving to the court of appeals. In the district court, the judge rules that the defendant was not guilty of engaging in a conspiracy with its subsidiaries to manipulate the American aluminum industry through a monopoly. The judge noted that the company success and dominance enjoyed by The Aluminum Company of America was a result of its superior business strategies compared to its competitors. Based on this, the court ruled that the actions of the company did violate the Sherman Act (Hand et al, 25). The plaintiff was not satisfied with this judgment and appealed it. Initially, the case was to be heard in the Supreme Court but was moved to the court of appeals after the Supreme Court failed to raise enough number of judges to listen to it.                   After listening to all the submissions presented before it, the Supreme Court made its final judgment four years after the case was initiated. In the judgment, the judges ruled that states could impose liabilities even to parties that are not within its allegiance. Based on the provisions of the Sherman act, the court ruled that the agreements entered into by The Aluminum Company of America in 1931 and 1936 were unlawful because they were meant to affect aluminum imports into the country. Moreover, the court indicated that the main aim of the Sherman act was to ensure that all the factors that play a role in determining prices should be kept free. Based on this, the court ruled that the actions of the aluminum company of America and its partners violated the Sherman act. Consequently, the court of appeal overturned the earlier ruling made by the district court. Conclusion                   In conclusion, The United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America was a case that was initiated by the federal government of the United States against the Aluminums Company of America and its partners. In filing the case, the plaintiff accused the defendant and its other partners of entering into business agreements aimed at establishing a monopoly in the aluminum market both in the United States and abroad (Wang, 38). According to the federal government, these actions were illegal because they were in violation of the Sherman act. This act prohibits companies from engaging in contracts and alliances that are aimed at restraining trade among states or overseas countries.                   There were four major legal issues in the case. The first legal issue was whether the Aluminum Company of America gained monopoly over the virgin aluminum ingot unfairly. The second legal issue that arose in the proceedings was whether the aluminum company of America was guilty of being involved in illegal activities. The other legal issue was whether The Aluminum Company of America together with its subsidiaries were in an illegal conspiracy, and whether or not the company was also in conspiracies with other foreign aluminum manufacturers. The final legal issue in the case was establishing the right remedy in the case of every defendant who may be found guilty of violating the Sherman Act.                   In its final ruling, the court of appeals overturned the ruling of the district court and found the actions of Aluminum Company of America and its subsidiaries illegal and to be in violation of the Sherman act. References Hall., K. L. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2005. Print Hand, L., Swan, Augustus N. Hand. UNITED STATES v. ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA et al. No. 144. Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. March 12, 1945. Web Wang, Zhigang. International Harmonization of Competition Laws. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1995. 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Benedict Arnold Essay -- essays research papers

Benedict Arnold The name Benedict Arnold has become a synonym for a traitor to one's country. In the first years of the American Revolution, however, Arnold was a brilliant and dashing general, highly respected for his service to the patriot cause (see Revolution, American). Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741, in Norwich, Conn. His father, Benedict, was a well-to-do landowner. His mother was Hannah King Waterman Arnold. While a boy, young Arnold twice ran away to join the colonial troops fighting in the French and Indian War. When he was 21 he settled in New Haven. In time he became a prosperous merchant and a captain in the Connecticut militia. He married Margaret Mansfield in 1767. They had three sons. Arnold played a gallant part in the American Revolution and became a major general in 1777. His wife had died in 1775. Early in 1779 he married Margaret Shippen, by whom he had four sons and one daughter. Arnold lived lavishly and soon found himself badly pressed for money. He then began his treasonable activities. Most historians agree that Arnold did so for money, though he may also have resented lack of further promotion. Whatever his motive, he regularly sent vital military information to the British and was well paid for it. His wife helped him, often acting as messenger. In 1780 Arnold obtained command of West Point and at once conspired to turn over the garrison to the British. He met Maj. John Andre, a British spy, and made final plans. Andre was captured, h...

Fashion “The Craze Among Youth”.

Every person Is fashion conscious. Fashion Is very popular among the school boys and girls, They do It in a competitive spirit to look smart. up-to-date and attractive. Students like actors and actresses. Some of them see a film to copy the latest fashion. It is mostly the college students who look upon fashion as the very stuff of their conscience. Being fashionable Is the only real passport to high society and popularity In the college. Students put on expensive and fascinating clothes of the latest cut, color and design. The students spend a lot ot money on clothes and other things In ife for sake of variety.They do not realize that they are wasting their precious time and energy in this effort. In addition, they waste the hard-earned money of their parents. Students have become crazy after fashion. But this is all being done at the cost of their studies. They are wasting the precious time of their life. Sometimes, poor parents are burdened with fashion bills. 853 Words Free Sampl e Essay on Fashion Thus, every one should try to have some leisure and make the best use of it by taking to some good hobby or the other. Great caution should be exercised; in choosing a hobby.We should choose a hobby which recoups our energy and provides relaxation and recreation. Young people all over the world are becoming more and more fashion conscious. Young students, whether boys or girls, are crazy about it they want to look smart and beautiful by wearing dresses of the latest designs. In order to boost the sales of their dresses, leading cloth mills and dress†making firms engage reputed fashion designers and beautiful models. Fashion parades and shows are held In big five star hotels to exhibit the latest dresses.Fashion Is no longer the monopoly of women. Even men have great fancy for It. In fact, the latest unl-sex dresses Ilke shirts and Jeans can be worn both by the girls and the boys. Today, the biggest centers of the latest fashions in the world are Paris, Londo n, Hollywood and New York. In India, Mumbai. Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipur, Shimla etc. have become centers of high fashion. Students generally try to copy fashions from films. Fashion has permeated all spheres of our life. It is followed not only in clothes but also in hair-styles, shoes, etiquette or manners.Some people are content to wear fashionable clothes. Others go In for fashionable hair-styles. ull others adopt the latest trend In their speech and manner. All these people want to look impressive and attract the attention ot others. They want to look different in the eyes of others. Fashion is neither stable nor eternal. It is ever-changing. The change in fashion takes place so fast that people sometimes find it very difficult to catch up with it Students in India also have become quite fashion conscious.In a college campus, one can see both girls and boys wearing all types of clothes. Girls wear whatever their favorite heroines wear. Boys try to emulate their favorite heroes. Fashion knows no frontiers. It travels across countries very fast. when students In India see latest foreign films from Hollywood, they adopt the latest fashions from these films. They even imitate the way of life, speech, manners, actions, clothes, hair-styles of their favorite foreign actors and actresses. Some students spend a lot of money and devote considerable time on their make-up.They neglect their studies Their books gather dust These students hardly realist that by neglecting their studies, they are ruining their own career. ‘ Of2 students oTten seem to surer Trom a mlstaKen notlon tnat Tasnlon means wearing lothes and other costly items like Jewellery, etc. The fact is that sometimes expensive clothes and heavy make-up may prove counterproductive. It may even have a negative effect on one's personality. Some people look smarter in simple clothes than in expensive clothes.As the old saying goes, beauty needs no ornaments. In fact simplicity is the best fashio n, If students pursue fashion at the cost of their education, they will be left behind in their studies. This will spoil their prospects of a bright future. If they want to be successful in life, their motto should not be fashion but ‘simple living and high thinking. Unfortunately, college boys and girls have started regarding even smoking as a fashion. One can see a number of boys and girls sitting in college restaurants and enjoying a smoke.Those who have costly brands of cigarette packets and imported cigarette lighters feel proud. Some students go to the extent of taking intoxicating drugs like ‘heroin', LSD, Hashish, Marijuana, etc. Drinking is also considered as a symbol of modern society and high fashion. These habits adversely affect the health of students. A conscious effort should be made both by the teachers and parents to dissuade their children from falling prey to these anti- ocial habits in the name of fashion.No doubt fashion spreads like wild fire especi ally when fashion critics hail any new design as ultra modern. Slowly a fashion percolates first to the middle- class families and then to the poor strata of society. Once it becomes common, it loses its novelty. Fashion conscious boys and girls then look out for something else which is new and exclusive. But â€Å"fashion† should not be given wide meaning so as to include everything which is being followed in western countries. Due respect should be paid to one's native countrys way of living also.Whether the influence of western culture is a boon or a curse to the Indian youth, is a controversial topic. No culture is good or bad. After all, every culture is an educative refinement, a product of an era. It is the understanding of a culture and methods of pursuing it that can make it good or bad in the eyes of other people. Thus, it cannot be concluded that every western influence is harmful. Indian youth, instead of following the west blindly, should try to grasp the very es sence of western culture and help it in enriching his own. Only then can true development take place.

Japanese Dining Etiquette Essay

Remembering your correct manners is very important in Japan, especially concerning the area of dining etiquettes. This applies especially to foreigners, who should try to remember at least the most basic rules†¦ In Japanese meals, it is customary to say ‘itadakimasu’ (‘I gratefully receive’) before your meal, and ‘gochisama deshita’ (‘thank you for the meal’) after you have finished. These traditional phrases are to show your appreciation for the meal, especially when someone cooks for you. The best way to start your meal is with a sip of soup. Then you should eat a little bit of each dish, in a ‘rotation’, until you finish all the dishes at about the same time. Do NOT complete one dish of food before moving onto the next. Remember that if you are eating from communal dishes, it is considered an important etiquette to pick up the food using the opposite end of your chopsticks, or serving chopsticks if any are provided. Do not start drinking until everyone at the table is served, and do not pour any drinks for yourself. This should only be done by others, and naturally, it is also your responsibility to periodically check your friends’ cups and fill them up if they are empty, too. NEVER stick chopsticks into rice standing up, as this is how rice is offered to the dead. If you haven’t already heard, it is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles in Japan, as people say it tastes better, and it also shows you are enjoying your meal. Remember that it is considered very rude to burp, blow your nose at the table, and talk about unappetizing topics. Lastly, remember to finish every little grain of rice in your bowl or plate, as rice is considered very precious. Also this shows the chef you appreciate his/her food very much. It is also considered polite to return all plates and dishes back to their original positions, and to place chopsticks back in their paper slips or holders. Bibliography http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2005.html http://www.suite101.com/content/eating-japanese-dos-and-donts-a31496 http://www.japanesefood101.com/index.php/category/dining-etiquette/.

Harley Davidson.

Harley Davidson. Case Study: Harley-Davidson, Inc.IntroductionHistoryThe Harley-Davidson case presents a unique example of a unique company that, due to their remarkable customer loyalty, was able to go from nearly bankrupt to successfully gaining a substantial portion of the market in a niche product.The company was able to gain market share and profit by substantially restructuring their business plan. Harley-Davidson changed from a traditional large batch manufacturing philosophy to just-in-time strategy. They began involving employees in problem solving and they redeveloped and focused their marketing strategy to a smaller niche market.In 1903, William Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson, Williams Davidson, and Walter Davidson started Harley-Davidson in a 10x15 shed in their backyard in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Production started with three motorcycles in 1903 and increased to 8 in 1908. In 1969, AMF Incorporated acquired Harley-Davidson Motor Company and expanded capacity from 15,000 to 40,000 motorcy cles.Harley-Davidson, Incorporated was formed in 1981, when it was purchased from AMF Incorporated in a management buyout.The 1490cc HD engine. Rubber mounted.In 1986, Harley-Davidson, Incorporated became a publicly held company.The new management installed a just-in-time inventory system to reduce inventories and improve total quality. With a new quality focus Harley-Davidson began to invest heavily in research and development. In one year the new Harley-Davidson management reduced the break-even point by 18,000 motorcycles. Management's focus on efficiency in production and improvements in quality resulted in increased demand and a production capacity of 100,000 motorcycles in 1995.Harley-Davidson operates in two segments. Motorcycles and Related Products, and transportation and vehicles segment. Total net sales for the first nine months of 95 were $1.3 billion, an increase of $174.1 million from the first nine months of 1994. Net sales increased in both the Motorcycles segment an d the Transportation Vehicles segment. 1Demand for motorcycles is continuing to increase at a rate faster...

Case Study on QR Codes

Introduction of QR codes contributed significantly improvement of advertising and enhancing efficiency for an organization. The codes help an organization to offer customers a chance to obtain extra information about the product or the company itself. QR codes offer companies an excellent chance for advertising because the symbols used can be used be converted into video and thus helping to convey the message to the customer. The QR code works in such away a way that the company uses a QR code generator to design a readable and interesting message (Dacko, 2012). For the customer to see or read the message or the content of the QR code, they should have a smart phone which has QR reader application. One of the advantages of QR code over bar codes is that consumers will tend to spend more time on the company’s website which may influence their decision to buy. QR codes are capable of holding bulk information which makes it very convenient for companies using it. This report anal yzes how QR codes influences the decision making processes for individual consumers. It also analyzes the use of the codes in marketing and how efficient they are. 1. QR codes are used in several stages of consumer decision making process. The first stage in which QR codes are used by decision makers is the information searching stage. This is the stage where a customer gathers information about a particular product or line of product after identifying his/her needs. Searching of information helps the consumer to make informed purchase decisions. Since QR code offers quick access to a company’s information, the consumer can therefore obtain useful information from the website (Bryson & Daniels, 2015). The website may contain information on product offered, description, prices, after sale services offered and other useful information on the product that the consumer wants to buy. Therefore, by using QR codes, a company such as Gellerie can provide information on a product to the consumers easily. QR codes are also useful in evaluation of alternatives by the consumer. The consumer can scan the QR code and get access to the different types of products offered by a particular company. For example a McDonald’s customer can identify th e available flavors and varieties of Pizza by using QR codes (Haase, 2011). A customer can also compare different companies by accessing their QR codes. QR is also important in the post purchase evaluation. Consumers can compare what they bought with what was promised in the QR code. Consumers also obtain usage prescriptions and manual for machines and equipment to guide them in using the product. 2. There is huge marketing opportunity in the service sector. This is because, QR codes helps in making provision of services more efficient. This is therefore very important since the aim of every service provider is to offer efficient and reliable services to its customers. QR codes can be used in the retail business to check information on a product. An example is when a consumer wants to buy a product in a supermarket; he/she can scan the QR code to obtain information on the manufacturer of the product. A QR code can also be used in the financial services industry. Banks can place QR codes in their products such as cheques which customers can scan to get information on the state of their account and market the institution to its customers. The banks can include information on products offered and interest rates. QR codes can also be used in the health services sector. An example is an hospital issuing its patients QR codes to identify the period of time it will take them to be s erved and their number in the queue (Kotler, Armstrong, & Harris, 2017).This will help to eliminate physical queuing by patients. In the transport industry, QR codes can be used in place of paper tickets. Customers can book to travel online and then obtain a unique QR code which contains their identification details and all other relevant information. 3. The fact that use of QR codes help in bypassing multiple layers of distribution and support marketing. This not only applies in the goods market as well as in the service market. The advantages of bypassing multiple layers of distribution in the service sector include; Increasing efficiency in an organization by reducing the time taken to serve each customer. This happens by reducing the procedures that a customer should go through before getting the service they require. The use of QR codes are important in reducing layers of distribution by making it possible for customers to obtain some services online instead of physically. QR codes helps an organization to market the services it offers by giving customers QR through which they can access extra information about the company (Russell, 2010). By reducing support services, the organization will be able to reduce costs that it would have otherwise incurred and therefore its important in reducing costs which in turn increase profit margins. The level of customer satisfaction is   also increased when layers of distribution reduce. This is very important in maintaining existing customers by an organization. 4. QR codes affect perceived risks of a product through various ways. One of the ways in which the use of QR codes has affected the perceived risk in the service industry is that it has reduced the risk of delay in getting services. Time Is a very important factor especially in the service industry and therefore, there is always a risk not getting the services a consumer needed on time. Since use of QR codes helps in reducing distribution layers and reducing the time taken to serve each customer, the use of QR codes will reduce the perceived risk of delay in service delivery. QR codes also reduce the perceived risk of getting poor services from an organization (Woodall, 2007). By using the QR codes, customers are assured of good services from the service provider since the QR code offers important information on the services offered and the organization itself. The use of QR codes helps to reduce the perceived risk of loss of confidentiality. Since most consumers of services are ver y concerned about confidentiality, the use of QR code will help reduce the risk of unauthorized persons gaining access to their private information. 5. Use of QR codes has been very fundamental in improving service support and customer satisfaction both in the service industry and the product market. There are other forms of interactive content that can be developed to improve service delivery. One of this content is the development of a self service application that can be used by customers to obtain services online. This will help the customers to get the service they require very quickly and conveniently without having to visit the facility physically. Development of a machine that can be used to make deposits in the bank like an ATM is used for withdrawing would be important in improving services and customer satisfaction in the financial services industry. This will help in eliminating long queues in the banks. QR code should be used by companies more in promoting and advertising their products and services. This will help in reducing the costs incurred by organization in advertising. Organizations should be innovative and embrace the use of interactive technology in adding value to the services offered to consumers Bryson, J. R., & Daniels, P. W. (2015). Handbook of Service Business: Management, Marketing, Innovation and Internationalisation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Dacko, S. (2012). Time?of?day services marketing. Journal Of Services Marketing, 26(5), 375-388. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08876041211245290 Haase, M. (2011). Service-Dominant Logic for Marketing. Marketing ZFP, 33(2), 98-110. https://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2011-2-98 Information Resources Management Association. (2016). Web-based services: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., & Harris, L. (2017). Principles of marketing (1st ed.). New York: Pearson. Russell, E. (2010). The fundamentals of marketing (1st ed.). Lausanne: AVA Academia. Woodall, T. (2007). New marketing, improved marketing, apocryphal marketing. European Journal Of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1284-1296. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560710821170

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Writer's choice - Essay Example Indeed, I will quote two scholarly readings from the 1960s to prove this assertion. The students for a democratic society released a statement in 1962 that defined a declaration of SDS principles (University of Michigan, 1962). Ideally, SDS was a radical student organization that derived fundamental influence in 1968. Indeed, the movement drew many students in protesting against Vietnam War. The growing distribution of the Port Huron statement translated to a strong student movement that influenced global democracy in the1968 (University of Michigan, 1962). In 1968, SDS led to students’ demonstrations that involved more than 150 demonstrators who demanded multicultural curriculum and financial support for ethnic studies. The Students for a Democratic Society launched a major antiwar demonstration at Columbia University in April 1968 (Hayden, 1968). The demonstrators occupied various buildings and kidnaped three school officials. It took the intervention of more than 1,000 police officers to clear the growing number of student demonstrators who were in excess of 5,000 students (Hayden, 1968). SDS governing council called for "two, three, many Columbians† in 1968. The call encouraged the demonstrators to heighten the protests with an aim of forcing the federal government to change or send American troops to take over American universities (Hayden, 1968). Indeed, they treated the Columbia strike as a case model for student protests in all universities in 1968 since it defined a new tactical movement. Indeed, the student protests contradicted black protests since they opposed fundamental institutions (Hayden, 1968). Initially, students were responding to the black movement but in 1968, they focused on â€Å"Student Power." The demonstrators adopted an internationalist and revolutionary approach in opposing imperialism in American universities (Hayden,